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Allium tricoccum

Wild Garlic · Ramp · Small White Leek

Family AmaryllidaceaeGenus Allium

A dense colony of broad smooth green leaves covering the woodland floor between bare tree trunks
The whole plantFungus GuyCC BY-SA 3.0

About the plant

What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.

The plant

Habit
Cool Season Vegetable, Herbaceous PerennialExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Habit
bulbous geophytePlants of the World Online
Height
0.5-1 ft15-30 cmExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Spread
1-2 ft30-60 cmExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Flower
WhiteExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Blooms
SpringExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Native range
Canada, lower 48 statesPLANTS Database

Growing conditions

Sun
Dappled Sunlight; Deep shade; Partial ShadeExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Soil
High Organic MatterExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Moisture
Good Drainage, MoistExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.

Sources: Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension; Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS.

Worth knowing

This source reports 8 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around August 13, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on August 12, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

about 6 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 56 days.

100% germination in 56 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around August 13, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on August 12, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 56 days to germinate.

100% germination in 56 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around April 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on April 7, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  4. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 12 months from start to step 4. Germination happens during step 4, in 3 days.

100% germination in 3 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 16, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 15, 2026.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 112 days.

95% germination in 70–112 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 9 months from start to step 3. Germination happens during step 3; time not stated, 21 days assumed.

67% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around July 30, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on July 29, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 70 days to germinate.

60% germination in 63–70 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 7

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around December 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2; time not stated, 21 days assumed.

33% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 8

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 21, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 20, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  4. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    2 germinated in this phase.

  5. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 12 months from start to step 5. Germination happens during step 5; time not stated, 21 days assumed.

7% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Allium p. 91Public domain
Show the original text
Allium (Liliaceae). This genus showed much diversity. Germination patterns ranged from simple D-70 in A. tricoccum germination was complex and is not completely understood. Seed collected in October 1989 germ. best in 40-70(95% in 10-16w) and much less in 70- 40-70-40(2%)-70(7%). Note that in the 40-70 treatment the seed was kept an additional 4 w at 70 in the last cycle because germination was continuing. This same seed germ. 86% in August and October of 1990 from sowing outdoors in October 1989. Note that this is Dqt the usual germination in spring from sowing in fall. These results taken together indicate that a prolonged period at 70 is necessary, and it is intended to conduct an experiment in which fresh seed is kept for a year at 70. A small sample of seed collected a year earlier (September 1988) gave considerably different results. This seed germ. 70(3/5 in 9-10 w) and 40-70-40(4/4 in 3 d) for the fresh seed, 40-70(1/3) and 70-40-70(none) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 40-70(2/3) and 70(4/4 in 8th w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. The germination is intermediate between epigeal and hypogeal in that the cotyledons partially develops and do some photosynthesis but never completely emerge from the seed coats. The seedlings must in general be kept at least 3 m at 40 before the true leaf will develop on shifting to 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Allium p. 91. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.

Germination trials

Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials

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