About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- subshrubPlants of the World Online
- Flower
- WhiteRead from the photograph on this page
- Native range
- Albania, Hungary, Italy, NW. Balkan Pen.GBIF Backbone Taxonomy
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Read from the photograph on this page — Deno's Garden; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
Two sources report 7 treatments between them. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around July 7, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on July 6, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
- 3
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
about 9 months from start to step 3. Germination happens during step 3, in 3 days.
100% germination in 1–3 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around April 3, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on April 2, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
- 3
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
- 4
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
about 12 months from start to step 4. Germination happens during step 4, in 8 days.
52% germination in 4–8 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around July 2, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on July 1, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
- 3
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
about 9 months from start to step 3. Germination happens during step 3, in 8 days.
30% germination in 8 days.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around September 28, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 27, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
- 3
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 10 days to germinate.
18% germination in 10 days.
Protocol 5
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
about 6 months from start to sowing.
0% germination.
Nothing germinated at 70.
Protocol 6
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 26, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 10 days to germinate.
18% germination in 10 days.
Protocol 7
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
No stated waiting before sowing.
0% germination.
Nothing germinated at 70.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
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