The whole plantMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USACC BY-SA 2.0About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
The plant
- Habit
- Perennial, Forb/herbPLANTS Database
- Height
- 1.0 ft30 cmPLANTS Database
- Flower
- WhitePLANTS Database
- Blooms
- Late SpringPLANTS Database
- Native range
- Alaska, Canada, Greenland, lower 48 statesPLANTS Database
Growing conditions
- Sun
- Shade tolerance: HighPLANTS Database
- Soil
- Adapted to coarse, medium, fine textured soilsPLANTS Database
- Soil pH
- 6.1-8.1PLANTS Database
- Moisture
- Moisture use: LowPLANTS Database
- Watering
- Drought tolerance: HighPLANTS Database
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Source: PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS.
This source reports 4 treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
No stated waiting before sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.
100% germination.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
about 6 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.
100% germination.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days
- 2
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
18 germinated in this phase.
- 3
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
about 9 months from start to step 3. Germination happens during step 3; time not stated, 21 days assumed.
82% germination.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around December 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
32 germinated in this phase.
- 2
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2; time not stated, 21 days assumed.
68% germination.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
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