About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- perennialPlants of the World Online
- Habit
- Perennial, Forb/herbPLANTS Database
- Flower
- Yellowish greenFlora of North America
- Native range
- Alaska, Canada, lower 48 statesPLANTS Database
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS; Flora of North America — Flora of North America Editorial Committee.
This source reports 4 treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around February 22, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 42 days to germinate.
100% germination in 14–42 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around February 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 49 days to germinate.
100% germination in 14–49 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around January 11, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 84 days to germinate.
63% germination in 14–84 days.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around February 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 56 days to germinate.
25% germination in 7–56 days.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
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