What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
Habit
succulent subshrubPlants of the World Online
Flower
Pale yellowRead from the photograph on this page
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Read from the photograph on this page — Deno's Garden.
This source reports three treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993
Difficulty ModerateRated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 16, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 20 days to germinate.
30% germination in 11–20 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993
Difficulty HighRated by us, not by the source.
Sow around November 2027 — a date the source gives, not one counted back from a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on November 2026.
1
Sow outdoors and leave it
Sown outdoors in November.
No stated waiting before sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.
22% germination.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993
Difficulty HighRated by us, not by the source.
Start around December 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.
1
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
5 germinated in this phase.
2
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2; time not stated, 21 days assumed.