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Broussonetia papyrifera

Aute · Paper Mulberry · Tapa Cloth Tree

Family MoraceaeGenus Broussonetia

A ripe orange fruit ball bristling with tubular florets, beside several unripe green ones on a woody branch
FruitDidier DescouensCC BY-SA 4.0

About the plant

What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.

The plant

Habit
Perennial, Shrub, TreeExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Habit
treePlants of the World Online
Height
40-50 ft12-15 mExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Spread
30-40 ft9-12 mExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Flower
Gold/Yellow, Green, Orange, Red/BurgundyExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Blooms
SpringExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Native range
Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast and elsewhereGBIF Backbone Taxonomy
Hardiness zones
6-11Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Growing conditions

Sun
Full sun; Partial ShadeExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Soil
Clay, Loam (Silt), SandExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0), Alkaline (>8.0), Neutral (6.0-8.0)Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Moisture
Good DrainageExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.

Sources: Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension; Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

Worth knowing

  • Ancient Austronesians made barkcloth from it and carried it to almost every island group in Polynesia, including Rapa Nui and Aotearoa. Korean hanji and Japanese washi paper are made from its inner bark. Wikipedia: Paper mulberry

Protocol

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

    10 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 6 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 49 days.

10% germination in 7–49 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Broussonetia p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Broussonetia (Moraceae). B. papyrifera seeds DS 6 m germ. 70D(10% in 1-7 w)-40-70D(10% in 1-5 w). Germination of seeds DS 1 y was similar.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Broussonetia p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.

Germination trials

Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials

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