About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- annualPlants of the World Online
- Flower
- WhiteRead from the photograph on this page
- Native range
- Chile CentralGBIF Backbone Taxonomy
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Read from the photograph on this page — Deno's Garden; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
Two sources report 6 treatments between them. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around September 10, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 9, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C · Light: either
about 6 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 28 days.
100% germination in 28 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 23, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 22, 2026.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180–365 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: either
about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.
100% germination in 2–14 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around April 2, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on April 1, 2025.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 730 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
about 2 years from start to sowing. Then 4 days to germinate.
15% germination in 4 days.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 22, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.
56% germination in 3–14 days.
Protocol 5
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 16, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 20 days to germinate.
28% germination in 4–20 days.
Protocol 6
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C
Germination happens during step 1, in 28 days.
10% germination in 28 days.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
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