Deno’s GardenMy Garden

Cardamine concatenata

Cut-leaf Toothcup · Cut-leaved Toothwort · Five-part Toothwort · Cutleaf Toothwort

Family BrassicaceaeGenus Cardamine

White four-petalled flowers above whorls of deeply cut toothed leaves, on a woodland floor
FlowerRyan KaldariPublic domain

About the plant

What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.

The plant

Habit
Perennial, WildflowerExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Habit
perennial or rhizomatous geophytePlants of the World Online
Height
0.5-1.2 ft15-35 cmExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Spread
0.5-1 ft15-30 cmExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Flower
Pink, WhiteExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Blooms
SpringExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Native range
Canada, lower 48 statesPLANTS Database
Hardiness zones
3-8Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Growing conditions

Sun
Dappled Sunlight; Partial ShadeExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Soil
Clay, High Organic Matter, Loam (Silt), SandExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Moisture
Good Drainage, MoistExtension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.

Sources: Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension; Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS.

Worth knowing

This source reports two treatments. Both are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around October 14, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on October 13, 2026.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 84 days.

27% germination in 70–84 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Dentaria p. 131Public domain
Show the original text
Dentaria (Brassicaceae). D. laciniata germ. best when the seeds were treated with GA-3 and started at either 70 or 40. The data were 40-70(27% in 10-12 w) and 70-40(20% in 6-12 w). The seedlings from the GA-3 treatment appeared normal but more time is needed to be sure that healthy plants will develop. Germination of D. laciniata is most unusual for Brassicaceae. Not only is DS not tolerated, but germination is hypogeal with the radicle growing to a length of a cm. in one day and producing branching roots before the true leaf forms a few weeks later. The Europaen
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Dentaria p. 131. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around October 14, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on October 13, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 84 days.

20% germination in 42–84 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Dentaria p. 131Public domain
Show the original text
Dentaria (Brassicaceae). D. laciniata germ. best when the seeds were treated with GA-3 and started at either 70 or 40. The data were 40-70(27% in 10-12 w) and 70-40(20% in 6-12 w). The seedlings from the GA-3 treatment appeared normal but more time is needed to be sure that healthy plants will develop. Germination of D. laciniata is most unusual for Brassicaceae. Not only is DS not tolerated, but germination is hypogeal with the radicle growing to a length of a cm. in one day and producing branching roots before the true leaf forms a few weeks later. The Europaen
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Dentaria p. 131. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.

Germination trials

Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials

Add to My Garden

View species page