About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- annualPlants of the World Online
- Flower
- BlueWikipedia
- Native range
- France, Portugal, SpainGBIF Backbone Taxonomy
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Wikipedia — Wikipedia contributors; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
Two sources report 5 treatments between them. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around February 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C
Germination happens during step 1, in 56 days.
100% germination in 21–56 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.
100% germination in 7–21 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around December 1, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
6 germinated in this phase.
- 2
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 35 days.
75% germination in 21–35 days.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 27, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 9 days to germinate.
45% germination in 9 days.
Protocol 5
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 28, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 8 days to germinate.
6% germination in 6–8 days.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
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