About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- annualPlants of the World Online
- Native range
- Bulgaria, East Aegean Is., Greece, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Transcaucasus and elsewhereGBIF Backbone Taxonomy
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
This source reports three treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C
Germination happens during step 1, in 28 days.
100% germination in 28 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 27, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 9 days to germinate.
100% germination in 9 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 1, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
- 2
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
1/7 germinated in this phase.
Steps after step 1 run on after germination.
Germination happens during step 1, in 35 days.
86% germination in 7–35 days.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
No trials shared for this species yet.