About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- perennialPlants of the World Online
- Habit
- Perennial, Forb/herb, SubshrubPLANTS Database
- Flower
- YellowFlora of China
- Native range
- Alaska, Alberta, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Austria and elsewhereGBIF Backbone Taxonomy
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS; Flora of China — Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven and Hong Deyuan (eds.); GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
Two sources report 5 treatments between them. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 23, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 22, 2024.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 1095 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
about 3 years from start to sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.
100% germination in 12–14 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 27, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 26, 2024.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 1095 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
about 3 years from start to sowing. Then 10 days to germinate.
100% germination in 10 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 31, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 5 days to germinate.
67% germination in 3–5 days.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 25, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 11 days to germinate.
52% germination in 5–11 days.
Protocol 5
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 27, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 9 days to germinate.
14% germination in 7–9 days.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
No trials shared for this species yet.