The whole plantAndrey Zharkikh from Salt Lake City, USACC BY 2.0About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- subshrubPlants of the World Online
- Habit
- Perennial, Forb/herb, SubshrubPLANTS Database
- Flower
- White, cream, yellowFlora of North America
- Native range
- Native to the lower 48 statesPLANTS Database
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS; Flora of North America — Flora of North America Editorial Committee.
This source reports 4 treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.
60% germination in 7–21 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around January 1, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
3/10 germinated in this phase.
- 2
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2, in 4 days.
60% germination in 2–4 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
- 2
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
Steps after step 1 run on after germination.
Germination happens during step 1; time not stated, 21 days assumed.
20% germination.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.
7% germination in 21 days.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
No trials shared for this species yet.