The whole plantMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USACC BY-SA 2.0About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- perennialPlants of the World Online
- Habit
- Perennial, Forb/herbPLANTS Database
- Flower
- GreenWikipedia
- Native range
- Canada, lower 48 statesPLANTS Database
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS; Wikipedia — Wikipedia contributors.
This source reports three treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around February 1, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C
Germination happens during step 1, in 63 days.
70% germination in 28–63 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
- 1
Sow outdoors and leave it
Up in April.
No stated waiting before sowing.
65% germination.
This source doesn't state how long step 1 lasts.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 22, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.
43% germination in 14 days.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.
Germination trials
Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials
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