Deno’s GardenMy Garden

Campanula hofmannii

Ringed Bellflower · Hofmann's Ringed Bellflower

Family CampanulaceaeGenus Campanula

A bushy plant of pale green leaves hung with many cream-white bell flowers, growing on gravelly ground
The whole plantMagnus ManskeCC BY-SA 3.0

About the plant

What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.

Habit
biennialPlants of the World Online
Flower
WhiteRead from the photograph on this page
Native range
NW. Balkan Pen.GBIF Backbone Taxonomy

Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.

Sources: Plants of the World Online — Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Read from the photograph on this page — Deno's Garden; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

This source reports 6 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 28, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 27, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 12 months from start to step 4. Germination happens during step 4, in 14 days.

56% germination in 14 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218Public domain
Show the original text
Symphyandra (Campanulaceae). S. hoffmannii best. in 70-40-70(56% in 2nd w) and less in 40-70(9%) using seeds DS 6 m at 40. Germination was also less in 70(16%)-40-70 and 40(3%)- 70(6%) using seeds DS 6 m at 70 and 70(6%)-40-70(14% in 3rd w) and 40-70(14%)- 40-70 using fresh seeds.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 6 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2; time not stated, 21 days assumed.

16% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218Public domain
Show the original text
Symphyandra (Campanulaceae). S. hoffmannii best. in 70-40-70(56% in 2nd w) and less in 40-70(9%) using seeds DS 6 m at 40. Germination was also less in 70(16%)-40-70 and 40(3%)- 70(6%) using seeds DS 6 m at 70 and 70(6%)-40-70(14% in 3rd w) and 40-70(14%)- 40-70 using fresh seeds.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around December 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 3 months from start to step 2. Germination happens during step 2; time not stated, 21 days assumed.

14% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218Public domain
Show the original text
Symphyandra (Campanulaceae). S. hoffmannii best. in 70-40-70(56% in 2nd w) and less in 40-70(9%) using seeds DS 6 m at 40. Germination was also less in 70(16%)-40-70 and 40(3%)- 70(6%) using seeds DS 6 m at 70 and 70(6%)-40-70(14% in 3rd w) and 40-70(14%)- 40-70 using fresh seeds.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    6 germinated in this phase.

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 6 months from start to step 3. Germination happens during step 3, in 21 days.

14% germination in 21 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218Public domain
Show the original text
Symphyandra (Campanulaceae). S. hoffmannii best. in 70-40-70(56% in 2nd w) and less in 40-70(9%) using seeds DS 6 m at 40. Germination was also less in 70(16%)-40-70 and 40(3%)- 70(6%) using seeds DS 6 m at 70 and 70(6%)-40-70(14% in 3rd w) and 40-70(14%)- 40-70 using fresh seeds.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 9 months from start to step 3. Germination happens during step 3; time not stated, 21 days assumed.

9% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218Public domain
Show the original text
Symphyandra (Campanulaceae). S. hoffmannii best. in 70-40-70(56% in 2nd w) and less in 40-70(9%) using seeds DS 6 m at 40. Germination was also less in 70(16%)-40-70 and 40(3%)- 70(6%) using seeds DS 6 m at 70 and 70(6%)-40-70(14% in 3rd w) and 40-70(14%)- 40-70 using fresh seeds.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    3 germinated in this phase.

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 9 months from start to step 3. Germination happens during step 3; time not stated, 21 days assumed.

6% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218Public domain
Show the original text
Symphyandra (Campanulaceae). S. hoffmannii best. in 70-40-70(56% in 2nd w) and less in 40-70(9%) using seeds DS 6 m at 40. Germination was also less in 70(16%)-40-70 and 40(3%)- 70(6%) using seeds DS 6 m at 70 and 70(6%)-40-70(14% in 3rd w) and 40-70(14%)- 40-70 using fresh seeds.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Symphyandra p. 218. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.

Germination trials

Readers’ own records of sowing this species, published after review. Share your trial · All trials

Add to My Garden

View species page